Underwater or underground depositories of excess carbon dioxide that have already been collected. Scientists estimate that the earth’s underground and underwater areas are capable of storing 10 trillion tons of carbon dioxide.

The method of collecting carbon dioxide emissions after the fossil fuel is burned. The burning of fossil fuels produces flue gases, which include CO2, water vapor, sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides. In a post-combustion process, CO2 is separated and captured from the flue gases that result from the combustion of fossil fuel.

A method of collecting carbon dioxide emissions before the fossil fuel is burned. That means the CO2 is trapped before it’s diluted by other flue gases.

A method of collecting carbon dioxide emissions with the use of oxygen. When a power plant burns fossil fuel in oxygen, the result is a gas mixture comprising mostly steam and CO2. The steam and carbon dioxide are separated by cooling and compressing the gas stream.

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Biofiltration can be any method that uses natural processes to control pollution or maintain water quality. In maintaining water quality, for example, biofiltration is used to remove various organic contaminants and clarify the water.

Measures that apply science and technology to mitigate environmental effects that can be brought on by natural gas drilling and oil exploration as well as other industrial or manufacturing endeavors.

Biochemical conversion is a type of conversion technology that turns organic wastes into valuable products using biochemical processes. Processes include aerobic conversion such as composting and anaerobic digestion which occurs in landfills and controlled reactors or digesters.

A type of conversion technology that turns organic wastes into usable products. Thermochemical conversion processes include combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis. Thermochemical conversion is characterized by higher temperatures and faster conversion rates.

A type of conversion technology that turns organic wastes into usable products. Physiochemical conversion involves the physical and chemical synthesis of products from feedstocks–for example, biodiesel from waste fats, oils, and grease.