The loss of sand or other beach material resulting from winter and summer variations in coastal conditions. Most coastal environments experience seasonal changes in the rate of erosion as storm seasons come and go.

The configuration of a surface including its relief and the position of its natural and man-made features. Topography focuses on the earth’s surface shape and features including plant or vegetative life.

Reduced water clarity resulting from the presence of suspended material in the water. Turbidity is an indication of poor water quality.

A wave caused by an underwater earthquake or landslide which can rise to great heights and cause catastrophic damage to the coast.

How a neighbor’s dog changed this writer’s perception on green pet care.

A marine environment that has been reserved by federal, state, territorial, tribal, or local laws to provide lasting protection for its natural resources.

A cluster of trees and shrubs that grow along tropical and sub-tropical coasts in salty ocean water. Their extensive root systems provide a breeding ground for plant and marinelife biodiversity, and also aid in building up coastlines.

A discrete area of the marine environment in which, at a minimum, extractive activities such as fishing, mining, and shell collecting are restricted or prohibited.

The wearing-away of beach, soil, rock or dune sediments near the shore due to waves, tides or drainage which can also be exacerbated by human phenomena.

A method of growing livestock where animals are free to roam a farm area rather than being cooped-up in tight cages.

Like coastal erosion, accretion is a change in shoreline dynamics but instead of depressions, accretions are marked by land or sand building up in certain areas.

A global advocacy for threatened species and habitats with programs meant to protect and restore natural ecosystems.